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Primary sources for historical research: Native American history
This guide lists important collections of primary sources on Native American history held by the Princeton University Library. It covers microform, print and digital collections. Microforms listed in this guide are housed in Firestone Library Microforms Service on C floor. Printed guides to these collections are usually also housed in Microforms Service and have call numbers beginning "FilmB." A few collections held by Princeton Theological Seminary or by the Center for Research Libraries are also listed in this guide. Please consult a librarian for help if you would like to use these collections. For further information, please see Guides to primary sources for historical research: introduction.
Table of Contents
Before 1900
| Early American Indian documents: treaties and laws, 1607-1789 |
| Firestone KF8202 1979 |
| Arranged by state, this 20-volume collection includes not only treaties, but many other related documents of Indian-European contact. The bibliography of published and unpublished sources at the end of each volume is also useful. |
| Lexis Nexis U.S. Serial Set Digital Collection (1789-1969) |
| Collection of U.S. Government publications compiled under the directive of Congress. Includes Congressional reports and documents as well as executive agency and departmental reports ordered to be printed by Congress. See also Guide to American Indian documents in the Congressional Serial Set, 1817-1899: a project of the Institute for the Development of Indian Law. Steven L. Johnson. New York: Clearwater Pub. Co., c1977. Firestone Library (F) KF8201.A1J63 which has both a chronological list and a subject index. |
| Iroquois Indians [microform]: a documentary history of the diplomacy of the Six Nations and their league |
| Microfilm 10549 |
50 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E99.I7 I765 |
| "Compiled by the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library, Iroquois Indians provides 8,812 reproductions of original documents and records from the early 1600s to the 1920s. Here researchers will discover the minutes of council meetings, treaty conferences and negotiations, as well as reproductions of actual contracts, treaties and agreements." |
| Records of the Cherokee Indian Agency in Tennessee, 1801-1835 [microform] |
| Microfilm 10614 |
14 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E99.C5 R426 |
| Reproduces in part 75.19.8 Records of the Cherokee Indian Agency, from the National Archives. Consists mostly of correspondence and fiscal records. |
| Letters received by the Attorney General, 1809-1870 [microform]: western law and order |
| Microfilm 10606 |
11 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms HV8144.M37 L477 |
| "Covers the states and territories of Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Dakota Territory, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas and Indian Territory, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington and Alaska Territory, and Wyoming." See http://www.lexisnexis.com/documents/academic/upa_cis/
10764_LtrsRecAttyGenWest18091870.pdf |
| Indian wars of the West and frontier army life, 1862-1898 [microform]: official histories and personal narratives |
| Microfiche 1978 |
606 microfiches |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E81 .I624 |
| Reproduces printed books and pamphlets that document military activities on the frontier, including eyewitness accounts, official records and correspondence. See http://academic.lexisnexis.com/documents/upa_cis/2143_InWarsWestUnHist.pdf |
| Letters of the agents of the Colorado River Indian Agency, 1879-1914 [Microform] |
| 1070.922 |
[32 reels?] |
Printed guide: none |
| "Correspondence and records related to the administration of the Colorado River Indian Agency. The materials are arranged chronologically by the tenure of the agent." |
| Moravian mission records among the North American Indians [microform] |
| Microfilm 07202 |
40 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E99.M9 M672 |
| Material from the Archives of the Moravian Church, whose mission to Native Americans lasted from 1735 to 1900. Consists of letters, diaries, and church registers. Much of the material is in German, but there is also material in English. |
| American Indian Correspondence: the Presbyterian Historical Society Collection of Missionaries’ Letters, 1833-1893 |
| Princeton Theological Seminary Microfilm 1989 |
35 reels |
Printed guide:Princeton Theological Seminary, Reference E98.M6 92 |
| "Written by Presbyterian missionaries, these letters describe ministry to thirty-nine Indian tribes across America. Among the topics covered are educational methods, expenses, Indian customs, treaties with the government, and the Indians' reaction to denying their heritage - often a condition of accepting new faith." |
| Sheldon Jackson Manuscript Collection |
| Princeton Theological Seminary Microfilm 3655 |
41 reels |
Printed guide: Princeton Theological Seminary, Reference BV2570.A2 S5 1996 |
| Jackson was a Presbyterian missionary who worked with Native Americans in the midwest and in Alaska, 1878-1908. See http://libweb.ptsem.edu/collections/ead/jackson_sheldon.html#a6. This collection is available in microfilm at the library of the Princeton Theological Seminary, which also holds the original manuscripts. |
20th century
| FBI files on the American Indian Movement and Wounded Knee [microform] |
| Microfilm 11657 |
26 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E93 .S295 1986 |
| "The FBI Files on the American Indian Movement and Wounded Knee provides detailed information on the evolution of AIM as an organization of social protest, on the occupation of Wounded Knee, and on the activities of the FBI in response to the growing strength of the AIM movement." Covers 1969-1977. See http://academic.lexisnexis.com/documents/upa_cis/
2141_FBIAmIndMovWoKnee.pdf |
| Native Americans and the New Deal [microform]: the office files of John Collier, 1933-1945 |
| Microfilm 11693 |
18 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E93 .N365 |
| Collier was Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs under Roosevelt. See http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00139.html. "Filmed at the National Archives [Record Group 75], this collection extensively covers the struggles in Congress leading to the Indian Reorganization Act, the debates over the allotment system, and exchanges of criticism and support with many advocacy groups. There are files on the American Indian Association, the American Association of Indian Affairs, and the California Indian Rights Association." See http://academic.lexisnexis.com/documents/upa_cis/
2127_NatAmsNewDealCollier.pdf |
| Native Americans reference collection [microfilm]: documents collected by the Office of Indian Affairs |
| Microfilm 11671 |
76 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E93 .N374 |
| "In the 1870s, the Office (later Bureau) of Indian Affairs began binding its collection of government documents and nongovernment publications on American Indians. These documents, some dating back to the 1840s, were used for the office’s in- house research and cover nearly every aspect of Native American life, including education, health, culture, livelihood, migration, claims, land, treaties, and more." Two parts, covering 1840-1900 and 1901-1948. |
| Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, procedural issuances, orders and circulars, 1854-1955 [microform] |
| Available through interlibrary loan from the Center for Research Libraries. See Borrowing Microforms from the Center for Research Libraries for more information. |
| Materials from Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Record Group 75. 17 reels. |
| Survey of Indian reservations [microform] |
| Microfilm 11656 |
3 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E93.G942 1975 |
| "Survey of Indian Reservations was compiled by the South Dakota Emergency Relief Administration during the Great Depression. The health, housing, education, finances, religion, and customs of the individual Indian families on major reservations were examined and the resulting data analyzed by experts. The areas studied include the Sisseton Agency; the Pine Ridge Agency; the Rosebud Agency; the Cheyenne Agency; the Standing Rock Agency; and the Crow, Lower Brule, and Flandreau Reservations." See http://academic.lexisnexis.com/documents/upa_cis/2139_SurveyIndRes-1.pdf |
| Reports of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes [microform] |
| Microfilm 11658 |
3 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E93.G942 1975 |
| "This collection includes the annual and special reports by the commissioner, covering the years 1893 to 1920. Some of the key congressional hearings concerning the Five Civilized Tribes have been appended to the reports. The reports and hearings form an indispensable source of information about the Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes." See http://academic.lexisnexis.com/documents/upa_cis/2135_RptCommFiveTribes.pdf |
| Survey of conditions of the Indians in the United States [microform] |
| Microfilm 11659 |
8 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E93.G942 1975 |
| "The documentary legacy of hearings and investigations conducted between 1928 and 1943 by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, the 41 publications that constitute this collection provide insights into many major tribes: Sioux, Navaho, Quapaw, Chickasaw, Apache, Pueblo, Ute, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kickapoo, Klamath, and many others." See http://academic.lexisnexis.com/documents/upa_cis/2137_SurveyCondIndians.pdf |
| U.S. Indian Claims Commission series |
| Available through interlibrary loan from the Center for Research Libraries. See Borrowing Microforms from the Center for Research Libraries for more information. |
| "The Indian Claims Commission was created on August 13, 1946, to hear and decide claims over lands ceded by Indians; the claims were against the U.S. government arising before the establishment of the Commission. The main set includes claims and decisions made through August 13, 1973; the Center holds supplements that cover 1973-1978." 4650 fiche, plus printed indexes. |
| Papers of Carlos Montezuma, M.D., including the papers of
Maria Keller Montezuma Moore and the papers of Joseph W. Latimer |
| Microfilm 05644 |
9 reels |
Printed guide: Firestone Microforms E99.Y5 M66 |
| Montezuma was a physician and American Indian activist, and a founder of the Society of American Indians. See Montezuma, Carlos (1866-1923). |
| Papers of the Society of American Indians [microform] |
| Microfilm 05863 |
10 reels |
Printed guide: none |
| "The Papers of the Society of American Indians is a record of the organization, personalities, and accomplishments of the nation's first modern Pan-Indian reform group.... This collection comprises about 5,600 documents drawn from forty-five repositories across the country. Included are society correspondence, bylaws, position papers, publications, financial records, conference programs, claims, petitions, and press clippings. " Guide on the first reel. |
| [Publications of the Indian Rights Association] |
| Princeton's Western Americana collection holds many of the publications of the Indian Rights Association, including annual reports. The material covers 1883-1942. |
| Lake Mohonk Conference of Friends of the Indian |
| Princeton holds the annual report of this conference, 1883-1929. See also The Lake Mohonk Conference of Friends of the Indian: a guide to the annual reports. Larry E Burgess; Laurence M Hauptman. New York: Clearwater Press, 1975. |
Princeton holds a large collection of Native American periodicals, primarily from the 1960s and 1970s. There is a list by title at http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/western_americana/Finding_Aids/
Am_Indian_Periodicals.pdf and they can also be found by searching the Main Catalog for "American Indian periodicals in the Princeton University Library" as Title.
To identify additional Native American periodicals, consult:
- American Indian and Alaska native newspapers and periodicals. Daniel F. Littlefield,
Jr. and James W. Parins. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, c1983-
Firestone Library (F) PN4883 .L57 1983
- American Indian periodicals on microform from the Princeton University Library, the Huntington Free Library (Museum of the American Indian), the Newberry Library, the Smithsonian Institution, the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. New York: Clearwater, [1982?]
Rare Books: Western Americana Collection (WA) Z1209.2.U5 A43
- Index to Wisconsin native American periodicals, 1897-1981 [microform]
Firestone Microforms, Microfiche 810
- American Indian periodicals on microform: a guide to holdings in the Labriola National American Indian Data Center, Arizona State University. Vicky Kalambakal. Tempe, Ariz.: The Center, [2002]
Rare Books: Western Americana Collection (WA) Oversize 2004-0609Q
| Charles Ethrige Minton papers, 1954-1976 |
| Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library, WC125 |
| "A former lawyer in St. Louis, Missouri, Minton moved to New Mexico to work among the Indians. His subsequent positions include State Supervisor of the Writer’s Program of the Works Progress Administration, Executive Director of the State Commission on Indian Affairs, and Executive Secretary of the New Mexico Association on Indian Affairs.... Consists of correspondence and papers of Minton. Included in the collection is correspondence with Elizabeth Hoyt, Joel L. Jimanez, Katie Noe, Raymond Ortiz, and others, as well as subject files on the Arizona Commisssion of Indian Affairs, Indian youth councils, the Commission on Indian Affairs, tribal affairs, and other Indian related topics." |
- Bibliography of Native North Americans
The most important index to current scholarly work in this field. Citations to books, journal articles, essays, conference papers, and government documents.
- Cambridge history of the native peoples of the Americas. Volume 1: North America. Edited by Bruce G. Trigger, Wilcomb E. Washburn. Cambridge, England ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Firestone E77 .N62 1996 Note: there are also volumes for Mesoamerica (F1219 .M67 2000) and South America (F2229 .S687 1999).
- A companion to American Indian history [electronic resource]. Edited by Philip Deloria & Neal Salisbury. Oxford : Blackwell, 2004. http://www.blackwellreference.com/subscriber/book?id=g9781405121316_9781405121316
- Guide to records in the National Archives of the United States relating to American Indians. Compiled by Edward E. Hill. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981 [i.e. 1982] Firestone Library (F) Z1209.2.U5 H54 1982
A thorough description of primary sources for Native American history in the National Archives. Arranged by government agency, this guide provides exceptionally good information about the context in which the records were produced and the agencies themselves. Also indicates which records are available in microform or print.
Some microform collections not owned by Princeton but possibly available through ILL:
- Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Part 1, Central classified files, 1907-1939 (148 reels)
- Records of the Indian Division, Office of the Secretary of the Interior, special files, 1848-1907 (13 reels)
- Indian removal to the West, 1832-1840 files of the Office of the Commissary General of Subsistence (19 reels)
- Records of the National Council on Indian Opportunity, 1968-1974 (115 reels)
- The Rupert Costo Archive of the American Indian filmed from the holdings of the Rupert Costo Library of the American Indian in the Department of Special Collections at the University of California at Riverside (63 reels)
- Ratified Indian treaties, 1722-1869 (16 reels)
- Documents relating to the negotiation of ratified and unratified treaties with various tribes of Indians, 1801-69 (10 reels)
- Indian Rights Association papers, 1868-1968 (136 reels)
- Letters sent to the Office of Indian Affairs by the agents or superintendents at the Pine Ridge Agency, 1875-1914 (52 reels)
- Records of the Creek Factory of the Office of Indian Trade of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1795-1821 (13 reels)
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