• Leo, Africanus (ca. 1492–ca. 1550) — Morocco and Timbuktu (1509–1512?)
• Frederik Ludvig Norden (1708–1742) — Egypt and the Nile (1737–1738)
• Henry Salt (1780–1827) — Eritrea, Ethiopia (1809–1810)
• John Lewis Burckhardt (1784–1817) — Egypt and the Nile (1812–1817)
• George Francis Lyon (1795–1832) — Libya (1818–1820)
• Walter Oudney (1790–1824), Hugh Clapperton (1788–1827), and Dixon Denham (1786–1828) — Libya, Niger, Chad, Nigeria (1822–1824)
• James Richardson (1806–1851) — Libya (1845–1846)
• Heinrich Barth (1821–1865) — Libya, Chad, Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Mauritania (1850–1855)
• Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890) and John Hanning Speke (1827–1864) — Somalia, Ethiopia (1854–1855)
• Gerhard Rohlfs (1831–1896) — Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Niger, Nigeria (1861– 1867), Ethiopia, Libya, Egypt (1868–1869), Libya (1873–1874), Libya, Chad (1878–1879)
• Gustav Nachtigal (1834–1885) — Tunisia, Libya, Chad, Sudan (1868–1874)
  

Untitled woodcut map of Africa from Leo Africanus, Historiale description de l'Afrique, tierce partie dv monde . . . (Lyon, 1556). Gift of Timothy N. Pfeiffer, Class of 1908. [Rare Books Division] [Note: South is at the top.]